![]() The distance between hive and recruitment target is encoded in the duration of the waggle runs. For cavity-nesting honey bees, like the western honey bee ( Apis mellifera) or Apis nigrocincta, flowers that are located directly in line with the sun are represented by waggle runs in an upward direction on the vertical combs, and any angle to the right or left of the sun is coded by a corresponding angle to the right or left of the upward direction. The resource can include the location of a food source or a potential nesting site. In an experiment with capture and relocation of bees exposed to a waggle dance the bees followed the path that would have taken them to an experimental feeder had they not been displaced. The direction and duration of waggle runs are closely correlated with the direction and distance of the resource being advertised by the dancing bee. Waggle-dancing bees produce and release two alkanes, tricosane and pentacosane, and two alkenes, ( Z)-9-tricosene and ( Z)-9-pentacosene, onto their abdomens and into the air. A worker bee's waggle dance involves running through a small figure-eight pattern: a waggle run (aka waggle phase) followed by a turn to the right to circle back to the starting point (aka return phase), another waggle run, followed by a turn and circle to the left, and so on in a regular alternation between right and left turns after waggle runs. ![]() The abdomen of the dancer appears blurred because of the rapid motion from side to side.Ī waggle dance consists of one to 100 or more circuits, each of which consists of two phases: the waggle phase and the return phase. A waggle run oriented 45° to the right of ‘up’ on the vertical comb (A) indicates a food source 45° to the right of the direction of the sun outside the hive (B). Description Figure-eight-shaped waggle dance of the honeybee ( Apis mellifera). Īustrian ethologist and Nobel laureate Karl von Frisch was one of the first who translated the meaning of the waggle dance. It has therefore been suggested that the term waggle dance is better for describing both the waggle dance and the round dance. However, even close to the nest, the round dance can contain elements of the waggle dance, such as a waggle portion. In the case of Apis mellifera ligustica, the round dance is performed until the resource is about 10 metres away from the hive, transitional dances are performed when the resource is at a distance of 20 to 30 metres away from the hive, and finally, when it is located at distances greater than 40 metres from the hive, the waggle dance is performed. As the distance between the resource and the hive increases, the round dance transforms into variations of a transitional dance, which, when communicating resources at even greater distances, becomes the waggle dance. The waggle dance and the round dance are two forms of dance behaviour that are part of a continuous transition. By performing this dance, successful foragers can share information about the direction and distance to patches of flowers yielding nectar and pollen, to water sources, or to new nest-site locations with other members of the colony. Waggle dance is a term used in beekeeping and ethology for a particular figure-eight dance of the honey bee. The duration of the waggle part of the dance signifies the distance. The waggle dance - the direction the bee moves in relation to the hive indicates direction if it moves vertically the direction to the source is directly towards the Sun. For the video game term, see Waggle (video gaming). For the beer, see Wells & Young's Brewery.
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